Yog tias koj yog tus kws tshawb fawb hauv thaj tsam ntawm social sciences thiab xav xa ib tsab xov xwm ua lus Askiv mus rau Asmeskas phau ntawv xov xwm, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv teev keeb kwm raws li txoj cai ntawm American Psychological Association (APA). Feem ntau, cov neeg ua pov thawj yuav tsum teb plaub nqe lus nug: tus sau phau ntawv ua haujlwm yog leej twg, thaum nws tau sau, nws hu ua dab tsi, thiab koj pom nws nyob qhov twg. Txhawm rau hais txog thesis, koj yuav tsum suav nrog qee cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm lossis tsis yog.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Hais txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia tus kws sau ntawv thesis
Thawj ntu ntawm kev siv phau ntawv teev keeb kwm hauv APA cov cai yuav tsum muaj tus sau lub xeem lub npe tom qab tus lej cim thiab lub npe pib thiab lwm lub npe. Cov ntawv no feem ntau tsuas muaj ib tus neeg sau. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias txoj haujlwm koj xav hais tawm muaj ntau dua ib qho, hais txog lawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tshwm ntawm nplooj ntawv npe.
- Piv txwv li: "Crowe, B. D."
- Yog tias thesis muaj ntau dua ib tus neeg sau, cais cov npe nrog tus lej thiab muab tus & ua ntej qhov kawg. Piv txwv li: "Crowe, BD, Raven, CW, & Moore, AD.."
- Sau tag nrho cov ntawv sau tseg hauv kab lus hauv phau ntawv teev keeb kwm, raws tus lej ntawm tus sau phau ntawv lub xeem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag mus rau xyoo tshaj tawm
Tom qab tus sau lub npe, ntu thib ob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev keeb kwm hauv APA cov cai yog xyoo uas cov ntawv thesis tau luam tawm. Muab nws tso rau hauv kab lus, ua raws lub sijhawm.
Piv txwv li: "Crowe, BD (2010)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag mus rau lub npe tag nrho ntawm thesis
Cov ntawv no feem ntau muaj cov npe ntev heev. Nkag mus rau lawv tag nrho hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, sau ua kab ntawv, ua lus uas koj nyeem txoj haujlwm. Nco ntsoov theej raws cov kab cim siv los ntawm tus sau.
- Siv cov ntawv loj li koj xav hauv lwm kab lus. Qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias tsuas yog thawj lo lus yuav tsum pib nrog tsab ntawv loj.
- Tom qab lub npe, ntxig cov kab lus "Doctoral dissertation" hauv kab lus thiab lub sijhawm.
- Piv txwv li: "Crowe, B. D. (2010). Kuv tseem ua kom cov qav fattening rau cov nab: Kev nug rau hauv daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb txog kev muaj tswv yim los qhia kev xyaum ua (Doctoral dissertation)."
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia qhov chaw koj nkag mus thesis
Yog tias nws tau sau rau Asmeskas lossis Canadian lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws yuav zoo li tau tshaj tawm ntawm ProQuest. Piv txwv li, sau "Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses".
- Tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau tus lej nkag mus, yog tias muaj, hauv kab ntawv los kaw qhov kev hais tawm. Hauv qhov txheej txheem ProQuest, tus lej nkag nkag feem ntau pib nrog cov tsiaj ntawv "AAT" thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv thesis. Tsis txhob muab lub sijhawm tom qab tus lej nkag mus.
- Los ntawm suav nrog tus lej nkag, koj tso cai rau cov neeg nyeem kab ntawv tuaj yeem nkag mus thesis ncaj qha, tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav nyuaj dua.
- Piv txwv li: "Tau txais los ntawm ProQuest Dissertations thiab Theses. (Kev Nkag Nkag No. No. AAT 3411606)".
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas qhov siv
Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev siv, nco ntsoov tias koj tau teeb tsa nws kom raug thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug. Yog tias cov ntawv ntev dua ib kab, nce qhov kev nkag mus me ntsis tom qab thawj kab.
- Kev siv tag nrho rau kev tshaj tawm thesis yuav tsum zoo ib yam li no: "Crowe, BD (2010). Kuv tsis yog fattening qav rau nab: Kev nug rau hauv daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb muaj tswv yim los qhia kev xyaum ua (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations thiab Theses. (Kev Nkag Nkag No. No. AAT 3411606) ".
- Nco ntsoov siv qhov sib nrug ib leeg. Qhov sib nrug ob zaug yuav tsum tsuas yog siv ntawm ob qhov nkag.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Hais txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Tsis Pub Luam Tawm
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tus sau lub npe
Thawj ntu ntawm kev siv phau ntawv teev npe hauv APA cov lus qhia yog tus sau lub xeem, ua raws li lub npe ntawm thawj lub npe thiab lwm lub npe. Txoj cai no yog dav thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog qhov thesis tau luam tawm lossis tsis tau.
- Piv txwv li: "Simpson, H. B."
- Cais ntau tus kws sau ntawv nrog tus lej cim thiab tso tus & ua ntej lub xeem. Piv txwv li: "Simpson, H. B., Mann, J. K., & Hacker, F. P."
- Suav nrog cov ntawv tsis tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Teem lawv raws tus tsiaj ntawv raws li lub xeem lub npe ntawm tus thawj sau tau hais los ntawm daim ntawv npog.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag mus rau xyoo uas thesis tau sau
Yog tias thesis tsis tau luam tawm, koj yuav tsis pom ib xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tseem yuav tsum teb lo lus "thaum". Txhawm rau ua qhov no, saib rau xyoo uas txoj haujlwm tau sau rau ntawm nplooj ntawv npe.
- Hauv APA cov cai, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum qhia lub xyoo, txawm hais tias thesis tsis tau tshaj tawm.
- Piv txwv li: "Simpson, H. B. (1988)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkag mus rau lub npe tag nrho ntawm thesis
Siv cov ntawv loj li koj xav hauv lwm kab lus. Qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias tsuas yog thawj lo lus yuav tsum pib nrog tsab ntawv loj. Lub npe yuav tsum tau sau ua lus qaij.
- Tom qab lub npe, ntxig kab lus "Unpublished doctoral dissertation" hauv kab lus thiab lub sijhawm.
- Piv txwv li: "Simpson, H. B. (1988). Tus cwj pwm kev nyuab siab nyob hauv menyuam yaus thaum yau (Tsis tau tshaj tawm cov kws tshaj lij)."
Kauj Ruam 4. Sau lub npe thiab lub nroog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv
Raws li thesis tsis tau tshaj tawm, lo lus nug ntawm "qhov twg" yuav tsum tau teb rau lwm txoj kev. Cov ntawv no feem ntau khaws cia hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Tsis ntev, koj yuav xav tau lub npe ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm.
- Yog tias tsev kawm qib siab muaj tsev kawm ntawv nyob hauv ntau dua ib lub nroog, tso tus lej cim tom qab lub npe tsev haujlwm thiab nkag mus rau qhov chaw raug. Piv txwv li: "University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill."
- Nws tsis tas yuav nkag mus rau lub nroog lub npe yog tias lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nkaus xwb. Piv txwv li: "Vanderbilt University."
Kauj Ruam 5. Rov nyeem dua qhov kev siv
Tom qab koj ua tiav kev sau, ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kom pom tias cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim qauv puas raug.
- Kev hais qhia tag nrho rau cov ntawv thesis uas tsis tau tshaj tawm yuav tsum zoo ib yam li no: "Simpson, H. B. (1988). Tus cwj pwm kev nyuab siab rau menyuam yaus thaum yau (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign."
- Tsis zoo li cov ntawv luam tawm, koj yuav tsum tau muab lub sijhawm kawg ntawm qhov kev siv, tom qab lub tsev haujlwm lub npe thiab chaw nyob. Siv ib qho kev sib nrug hauv tib qhov kev siv thiab muab ob npaug rau qhov sib cais nkag sib txawv.
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Cov lus hais hauv lub cev ntawm cov ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau tus sau lub npe
Thaum nyob hauv lub cev ntawm cov ntawv, cov ntawv ua tim khawv feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv kab lus, tom qab cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm thesis kom siv hauv kab lus. Pib qhov kev siv nrog tus sau lub xeem.
- Koj tsis tas yuav sau tus sau ua ntej hauv lub cev ntawm cov ntawv, tshwj tsis yog koj xav tau sib txawv ntawm ob tus tib neeg nrog tib lub xeem uas tau sau lossis luam tawm theses hauv tib lub xyoo.
- Yog tias thesis muaj ntau dua ib tus sau, cais lub npe nrog tus lej. Nco ntsoov muab lub & ua ntej lub xeem lub npe nyob rau hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li: "(Winken, Blinken, & Nod, 1992)."
Kauj Ruam 2. Nkag mus rau xyoo tshaj tawm
Ntxig lub xyoo thesis tau luam tawm tom qab tus sau lub npe, cais ob lub ntsiab lus nrog tus lej. Yog tias daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tsis tau luam tawm, qhia lub xyoo uas nws tau sau.
- Kev sau tag nrho hauv lub cev ntawm cov ntawv yuav tsum zoo li no: "(Simpson, 1988)."
- Kaw cov npe niam txiv tom qab lub xyoo thiab txuas ntxiv sau ntawv ib txwm muaj. Yog tias koj tab tom txheeb xyuas ntau dua ib txoj haujlwm nyob hauv tib lub ntsej muag, cais cov haujlwm nrog tus lej cim. Piv txwv li: "(Simpson, 1988; Cleaver, 1992)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Thaum ua tau, suav nrog tus sau lub npe hauv kab ntawv
Qee zaum, kom cov ntawv sau tau zoo dua, qhov zoo tshaj yog muab tus sau lub npe nyob nruab nrab ntawm kab lus. Txoj kev no, koj tsis tas yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv hais qhia hauv kab lus.
- Yog tias koj tau hais txog tus sau hauv kab ntawv, tsuas yog sau hnub sau lossis ntawv tshaj tawm hauv kab lus tom qab lub npe. Siv lo lus "thiab" ("thiab") hloov qhov & yog tias txoj haujlwm muaj ntau dua ib tus neeg sau.
- Piv txwv li: "Raws li Simpson (1988), dev tsis npau suav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Winken, Blinken, thiab Nod (1992) muab pov thawj tias lawv ua." (Raws li Simpson (1988), dev tsis npau suav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Winken, Blinken, and Nod (1992) muab pov thawj rau qhov tsis sib xws.)